Signs and symptoms of pregnancy

The first thing after having planned. A baby. We look for signs and symptoms of pregnancy. Automatically. Automatically. We try to learn it as it is the first step toward parenting. This is very first moment. Of happiness, we feel. When looking forward. Two would be parents.

These signs and symptoms of pregnancy. Are mainly divided into three groups.

Presumptive signs

Probable signs and

Positive signs

Presumptive signs

First is amenorrhoea which is missed period. The first clinical evidence of the pregnancy. The second sign is morning sickness. Nausea and vomiting, most women suffer from this. That ends with the end of the third month. In some cases, it may be severe enough to produce dehydration and ketonuria. Breast signs They appeared in the second month. Of pregnancy. Fullness and tightening. Pigmentation of the areola. Watery secretion, engorgement of veins, and nodular feel of the breast. Bladder irritation. There may be a frequency of maturation during the first trimester. Quickening mother starts appreciating the fetal movements. From the 20^th week of gestation.

Probable signs

Pelvic signs Enlargement of the uterus. Frequency of maturation. The cervix becomes softer. From the second month. Constipation is common. Abdominal enlargement, At 12 weeks fundus is palpable per abdomen. At 20-week the fundus reaches the lower border of the umbilicus and at 36 weeks of gestation, the fundus is at the zippy sternum.

 Positive signs

Fetal heart sound is 120 to 140 beats per minute. They are usually heard in the midline. Ultrasound can confirm the pregnancy at six weeks +. Fetal movements can be felt from the 20^th week onwards. Can be felt with gentle palpation. Fetal points can be felt at the age of 28 weeks of gestation. Head, limbs, back can be distinguished on palpation.

 Pregnancy detection

 The simple way to confirm the first trimester. The urine pregnancy test is the presence of the human chorionic gonadotropic hormone in the urine. Soon after the missed period. Ultrasound sonography can be done to detect the pregnancy at the end of six weeks.

 Progressive anatomical physiological changes. Those take place. And all over the systems of the body of a pregnant woman. That is. The phenomenon of maternal adaptation. To the increasing need of growing fetus.

Here are some physiological changes that are noticed.

 Uterus. The weight of the nonpregnant uterus is 50 grams. With changes to around 900 to 1000 grams and 30-centimeter length at term, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of muscle. The skin has extreme pigmentation around the cheek, forehead, and around the eyes. On the abdomen linea nigra. Bluish-black pigmented line in the midline. Due to. Melanocyte stimulating hormone. From the anterior pituitary gland. Which generally disappears after delivery. Stria slightly depressed linear marks vary in length, generally found below the umbilicus representing scar tissue in the deeper layer of cutis. Weight gain. In Single pregnancy. Weight gain is 11 kgs to 12 kgs. It is roughly divided into. Reproductive weight and net maternal weight gain. The fetus is around. 3300 grams. Amniotic fluid is around 800 grams placenta weighs around 600 grams. The uterus is around 900 grams.  breast is by around 400 grams.

  Net maternal weight blood volume increases by 1300 grams, and Extracellular fluid by 1200 grams. accumulation of fat and protein 3500 grams approximately. Weight checking is important to detect abnormalities. Blood changes. Blood volume is remarkably changed. It starts to increase from. 10^th week. Expand rapidly up to 40 weeks 40% of the nonpregnant uterus. Volume by 32 weeks plasma volume increases by. 1.25 liters. RBC increases. 20% to 30%. Total protein increases from 180 grams to 2230 grams. Cardiac output increases by 40% at 30 weeks of gestational age. It measures 44.5 liters per minute in spite of increased cardiac output. Blood pressure remains same. If it rises. Pregnancy may have to be dropped. Metabolic changes total metabolism is increased due to the increasing need of the growing fetus in the utero. BMR increases by 30% along with these systematic changes Respiratory system, urinary system, eliminatory system, nervous system, liver, and gall bladder. Endocrinal changes. All. Observed. In the pregnant woman.